Essay about Human Embryo Research - 1019 Words

Late one night a woman is driving home on the freeway, she’s hit head on by a drunk driver and killed. The man is charged with two accounts of murder; the woman, and her four-week-old embryo inside her. By law, everyone human being is guaranteed rights of life; born or unborn they are equal. The same law should be enforced concerning human embryonic stem cell research. Dr. James A. Thomson discovered stem cells in 1998 and they’ve intrigued scientist ever since. The stem cells themselves are derived from a three to four day old cluster of cells called a blastocyst and they are so coveted because they are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any type of cell in the human body. Although embryonic stem cells show amazing†¦show more content†¦Most importantly, taking a life in order to save on defeats all purposes of human ethics. Some stem cells have even been manually cultivated in a lab specifically to dismantle and acquire stem cells, an abhorren t abuse of human embryos. Using hESCs (human embryonic stem cells) is barbaric and cold-hearted; there is no need to destroy a life to save another. In fact, further research on embryonic stem cells is unnecessary because of the promising signs of adult stem cells. Particularly in their versatility; once thought to be omnipotent, continued studies have shown somatic, or adult, cells to be pluripotent. These are less controversial because they are extracted through tissue samples and not destruction of an embryo and are stored in every human’s body. These new findings are so encouraging that â€Å"human embryonic stem cells may soon be eclipsed by more readily available and less controversial adult stem cells† (Human Embryos 1 from British Medical Journal 1999). Also, there are several forms of adult stem cells namely; bone marrow, hematopoictic cells, umbilical cord, Buntrock 3 mesenchymal cells, and fetal bone marrow stem cells. Fetal bone marrow cells show the most potential and researchers at John Hopkins University believe that â€Å"adult stem cells may be used for treatments such as cancer, congestive heart failure, muscular dystrophies, spinal cord damage, etc† (C.B.H.D. 3). Adult stem cells are theShow MoreRelatedIn Opposition of Eugenics and Human Embryo Research660 Words   |  3 PagesIn Opposition of Eugenics and Human Embryo Research There are a variety of views of eugenics and all that it entails. The definition of eugenics is the science of improving the physical and mental qualities of human beings through control of the factors influencing heredity, ( Funk and Wagnalls, 1984). Others think eugenics is the social control of human genetic evolution, an ideology of racism and genocide, thought to improve society and halt disease while others think only of the NaziRead MoreKilling Human Embryos for Research Essay2715 Words   |  11 Pagespoint made by opponents of embryonic stem cell research for years: Once our consciences are numbed to the moral wrong of using so-called spare human embryos for research, our society will move on to even more egregious abuses. The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine in Virginia has announced that it is using donated eggs and sperm to create human embryos solely to destroy them for stem cell research.( S. Stolberg, Scientists Create Scores of Embryos to Harvest Cells, Th e New York Times, JulyRead MoreEssay about Alternatives to Human-embryo Stem-cell Research1145 Words   |  5 PagesAlternatives to Human-embryo Stem-cell Research      Ã‚   This essay counters the media and many scientists claims that there are no viable alternatives to human-embryo stem-cell research (ESCR).    The media restate the claim (made repeatedly in NIH documents) that adult stem cells do not have the same potential as embryonic stem cells, which in theory can form any tissue. But studies done with adult stem cells (studies which mirror the ones done with embryonic stem cells) show that adultRead MoreConfronting Deep Summary1517 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Confronting Deep Moral Disagreement: The President’s Council on Bioethics, Moral Status, and Human Embryos†. The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(6): 14–16. Nelson Meyer discusses coming to a compromise on the disposal of the extracorporeal human embryos (EHEs). One should not link the extracorporeal human embryos to the possibility of developing into a real human. As long as the human embryo is outside of the human body, it does not have the potential to develop into a child. Religion can affect aRead MoreStem Cells And The Human Body1421 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cells Raven Carr Governor State University Stem Cells The human body is full of hundreds of special types of cells that are essential for ones every day health. These special cells are accountable for keeping our bodies going daily for instance making our brains think, hearts beat and, restoring our skin cells as they shed off. Stem cells are the provider for the development of new cells. â€Å"Stem cells have the amazing potential to expand into many different cell types in the body during earlyRead MoreIs Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer?1193 Words   |  5 PagesSCNT could increase the supply of embryos and â€Å"decrease respect or awe before them.† (Holland 46); embryos created by SCNT are not genetically unique with the acknowledge that genetic uniqueness is one of the â€Å"valued properties of embryos crated by IVF.† (Holland 47); imperfectness of cloning technique with a human somatic cell; SCNT does not produce a pure clone so that immune rejection will not be fully eliminated. IVF is â€Å"the crucial first step in transforming human procreation in radically new waysRead More Embryonic Stem Cell Research: How does it affect you? Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pages Embryonic Stem Cell Research: How does it affect you? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Embryonic stem cell research is widely controversial in the scientific world. Issues on the ethics of Embryonic Stem (ES) cell research have created pandemonium in our society. The different views on this subject are well researched and supportive. The facts presented have the capability to support or possibly change the public’s perspective. This case study is based on facts and concernsRead MoreThe Controversial Topic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research is still the most controversial topic in science today. The idea behind the experiment involves the development, use, and destruction of human embryos. The research method mainly focuses on embryonic stem cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get a better look at the cell and obtain information for the fundamental properties of the cells. Embryonic stem cells play a major role in the research because the cell provides information for cell development toRead MoreThe Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cells1201 Words   |  5 Pages Problem The society is not at an agreeable point when it comes to the research of stem cells obtained from human embryos. The disagreement narrows down to a clash between the two fundamental principles of ethics: The duty to prevent and alleviate suffering, and the duty to respect the value of human life. In most situations, both principles can be satisfied. However, in the research of embryonic stem cells, it might not be inherently possible. Generally, the clash between the two principles isRead MoreGenetic Engineering Is Ethically Justified824 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Genetic engineering is ethically justified.† Discuss [10] Since the development of genetic engineering in the 1970s, scholars have questioned its ethical justification, claiming that it was playing God’ and was unnatural. Others claimed that humans have always altered their environment to benefit themselves. An example is that of genetically modified crops which some people believe can be justified for a number of reasons. The food has better taste and quality and a greater resistance to pests

Preventing Central Line Blood Infections Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

National Patient Safety Goals ( NPSG ) were introduced in 2002 in order to assist turn to some of the issues that were responsible for doing a bulk of the state of affairss that were responsible for making patient safety issues. These ends were implemented in order to set concentrate on what were deemed to be the most preventable of these issues. One of these ends is the bar of cardinal line-associated blood watercourse infections ( Lyles, Fanikos, A ; Jewell, 2009 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Preventing Central Line Blood Infections Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature Review Central venous catheters ( CVC ) are indispensable in the attention of critically sick patients. While widely utilized the usage of CVC is non without hazard. Catheter-associated blood stream infections ( CA-BSI ) are common healthcare-associated infections in intensive attention unit ( ICU ) patients and have been estimated to happen in 3 % -7 % of all patients with CVC ( Warren, et al. , 2006 ) . It is good documented that intravascular catheter related complications are associated with widening hospital length of stay, increasing direct costs and increasing ICU mortality. Clinicians insert about 7 million cardinal venous entree devices ( CVAD ) yearly in the United States, and of these, 1 in 20 is associated with a CA-BSI, despite the usage of the best available sterile techniques during catheter interpolation and care. Overall, an estimated 250,000 CVAD-related CA-BSI occur yearly, with an attributed mortality of 12.5 % to 25 % per happening. The national cost of handling CA-BSI peers $ 25,000 per infection, severally, or $ 296 million to $ 2.3 billion in entire. While the figure of CA-BSI has remained comparatively steady, vascular entree device usage has drastically increased, particularly in nonhospital scenes ( Rosenthal, 2006 ) . A huge sum of research is directed toward cut downing these complications in an attempt to better patient outcomes. A reappraisal of the literature provides an overview of current recommendations refering intravascular catheter attention and research sing the usage of instruction plans to advance recommended pattern. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) published the Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections in 2002, which is the benchmark for all intravascular catheter attention recommendations. The guidelines for CVC suggest the replacing of dressings every 7 yearss or when soiled or loosened, endovenous tube alterations every 72 hours, and the replacing of tubing used to administrate blood merchandises and lipid emulsions within 24 hours of extract induction ( East A ; Jacoby, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the CDC, about 53 % of grownup patients in intensive attention units have a cardinal venous catheter on any given twenty-four hours ( Rupp, et al. , 2005 ) . Skin cleaning of the interpolation site is regarded as one of the most of import steps for forestalling catheter-related infection. Historically, povidone-iodine is an antiseptic that has been used during the interpolation and care of the intravascular devices. It works by perforating the cell wall of the micro-organism. More late, chlorhexidine has been studied and found to be more effectual as a skin antiseptic to forestall catheter-related infection. It works in less clip, retains its antibacterial consequence against vegetation thirster, is non inactivated by the presence of blood or human protein, and causes minimum skin annoyance. Chlorhexidine works by interrupting the microbial cell wall. It is active against many Gram-positive and to a somewhat lesser degree Gram-negative bacteria ( Astle A ; Jensen, 2005 ) . A multistep procedure is recommended to forestall CA-BSI that includes: educating staff, utilizing maximum barrier safeguards ( e.g. a unfertile gown and baseball mitts, mask, cap, and big unfertile curtain ) , executing infection surveillance, and replacing occlusive dressing every 7 yearss or when needed ( Buttes, Lattus, Stout, A ; Thomas, 2006 ) . Other strongly recommended patterns include proper manus hygiene by all staff using the CVC and turning away of everyday catheter alterations. Catheters impregnated with antimicrobic agents are recommended when infection rates are high or when catheters will stay in topographic point for a considerable clip ( Krein, et al. , 2007 ) . Education of staff on the proper attention of CVC is paramount in cut downing the sum of CA-BSI. This is possibly one of the most cost-efficient methods of cut downing CA-BSI ( Ramritu, Halton, Cook, Whitby, A ; Graves, 2007 ) . Execution A staff instruction plan was initiated for the nursing forces that chiefly deal with CVC. This instruction plan was aimed at developing the ICU and step-down unitaa‚Â ¬a„?s nursing staff proper attention and care of the CVC. Education focused on proper attention of the CVC, including when dressing alterations should be performed e.g. every 7 yearss or when the dressing is soiled. Nurses were besides trained in how to suitably help with CVC arrangement and the certification tool that infection control utilizes to measure attachment to interpolation guidelines. Posters were besides placed in the nurseaa‚Â ¬a„?s interruption and conference countries that had educational stuff related to proper attention of CVC. Documentation was besides placed in the physicianaa‚Â ¬a„?s lounges that bucked up use of maximum barrier safeguards during CVC interpolation. The installation that was observed presently utilizes a few different agencies of measuring with respects to CA-BSI. First, a checklist is utilised during CVC interpolation that evaluates attachment to interpolation guidelines by the staff. This checklist is sent to infection control and entered into a database which is correlated with patient informations sing CA-BSI. Second, in patients that are identified as holding a CA-BSI, after catheter remotion, laboratory microbiological surveies of the catheter, blood, and interpolation site swabs are performed to place causality of the infection. Execution Compared to Literature Suggestions Practices that cut down the hazard of CA-BSI include the undermentioned: ( 1 ) usage of maximum barrier safeguards during CVC interpolation ( i.e. , a surgical mask, unfertile gown, unfertile baseball mitts, and big unfertile curtains ) , ( 2 ) arrangement of the catheter in the subclavian vena instead than the internal jugular or femoral vena, ( 3 ) altering catheters merely when necessary, and ( 4 ) altering dressings on CVC issue sites when they become nonocclusive, soiled, or bloody. These patterns have been incorporated into national guidelines. Presently, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee ( HICPAC ) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) recommends that infirmaries implement comprehensive educational plans that teach proper CVC interpolation and care techniques ( Warren, et al. , 2006 ) . These patterns are largely in line with what is implemented at the ascertained installation. One difference, which is non in line with these reco mmendations, is that the ascertained installation has a high figure of internal jugular interpolations compared with the figure of subclavian vena interpolations. When asked about this, many of the doctors stated that entree was easier to place utilizing ultrasound during interpolation and they preferred this method over subclavian interpolation. Recommended Changes First, execution of an instruction plan for suppliers that is focused on infection control, particularly the recommendation of using the subclavian vena interpolation for CVC arrangement as a first pick in patients that have no contraindications to this arrangement. Second, securing the second-generation antiseptic catheter, coated with chlorhexidine and Ag sulfadiazine on the internal and external surfaces, to more efficaciously prevent microbic colonisation in patients that are identified as being at hazard. Decreased bacterial colonisation, a critical measure in the pathogenesis of catheter-associated infection, may correlate with bar of catheter-related bacteriemia ( Rupp, et al. , 2005 ) . Third, instruction and preparation demands to be expanded to any nurses that may be responsible for caring for a patient with a CVC. These countries include non-critical attention countries such as paediatric and medical floors. Larger Numberss of patients with CVC are now found in non-ICUs th an in ICUs and that CA-BSI rates in those scenes are higher. Catheter types and interpolation sites vary greatly among scenes. For illustration, jugular and femoral interpolation sites are common in ICUs ; subclavian and peripheral sites are more common elsewhere. So schemes for cut downing CA-BSI must be tailored to the scene ( Hadaway, 2006 ) . How to cite Preventing Central Line Blood Infections Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Civil War Dbq free essay sample

What policy toward the continuation of slavery does Lincoln support? As long as we do not allow slavery to expand it will eventually die out. The founding fathers of our nation first established the policy and Lincoln is just trying to bring it back. 1b. Why does Lincoln support that policy? President Lincoln supports the policy because he eventually wamts slavery to die out. He realizes that it will not go away if he just makes it illegal over night so he wants to limit the spread into new territories. a. Who does the author of this editorial blame for the tensions between the North and the South? How is this opinion supported? The New Orleans editorial blames the tensions on the North and Abraham Lincoln. They believe that the South was just fine before the North stepped in and created conflict, it almost gives it a feel like the north is a bully. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil War Dbq or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2b. What consequences does the author believe that Lincolns election will have for the southern states? They think that it is the defeat of the South and will completely ruin the social, political, and industrial institutions of the South. 3a. What do the two main figures in the cartoon represent? Columbia represents the Government and the thin man choking is the rebels breaking the rules of the Constitution. 3b. What is the primary message of the cartoon? The government has power over the rebels, and will take action against them. 4a. According to this letter, what did Lee decide to do? Lee resigns from the Army, he thinks it is too much for him to handle at this time. b. How do Lee’s words contrast with the image of southerners as depicted in the cartoon from Document 3? In Document 3 the rebels of the south were at least trying to fight back but Lee is just giving up and resigning while the confederates need him it is a rather selfish act.. 5a. What does the person in the tree represent? The person in the tree represents the slave supporters of the South that will not agree w ith Lincoln and his views on slavery. 5b. What does the artist suggest is going to happen. If the South does not cooperate then conflict will arise between the two halves. 6a. How did the Union soldiers respond to the Emancipation Proclamation? One man says slavery should be abolished and will cause peace in the future. While the other man states that Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation will be a negative effect to the union. 6b. How did Confederate soldiers respond to the Emancipation Proclamation? They think that the proclamation will produce dissensions and hurt the north and by this will help the confederates. a. According to this textbook excerpt, how could the Civil War could have been avoided? If the southern states did not secede, and if Lincoln did not decide to over react then the Civil War could have been avoided. Therefore, thousands of lives would have been saved. 7b. What do you think students studying the textbook believed about the Civil War? I believe the students would think that the Civil War was a conflict that never should have happened and the leaders of the country back then could have prevented it. a. What do you think happened in Atlanta before this picture was taken? I think a battle of the Civil War occurred here causing mass destruction of a developing city. Most likely taking lives of innocent citizens. 8b. How does this photo symbolize what was happening to the Confederacy in September 1864? Everyone in Atlanta Citizen or part of the Military was under attack. Sherman had his army destroying every building they could try to show the Unions power over the Confederates

John F Kennedy Essays (292 words) - Kennedy Family, Bouvier Family

John F Kennedy annon John F. Kennedy was the thirty-fifth president of the United States and the youngest to be assassinated. He also served in World War II on a PT boat. He also helped to solve the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was assassinated in 1963 in dallas texas. He also started the peace corps to help 3rd world countries better them selves. He was born of Irish decent in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. In 1940 he entered the second World War and he served on a PT. In 1943 when his PT was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, even though he was injured severely he still helped survivors to safety. After the war he became a Democratic Congression from the Boston area, moving on to a senator in 1953. He married Jacqueline Bouvier on September, 1953. In 1955 he wrote a book called Profiles of Courage which won the Pulitzer prize in history. In 1956 he almost gained the democratic Vice President, and four years later he was the first-ballot nominee for president. Kennedy became the first Roman Catholic President. His Inaugural Address offered the memorable line: Ask not what your country can you--ask what you can do for your country. As president he set out to redeem his campaign pledge to get America moving again. His economic programs launched the country on its longest sustained expansion since World War II. Before his death, he laid plans for a massive plans for assault on persisting pockets of privation and poverty. John F. Kennedy was called the dreamer President. This inspireing president challenged America to be the first country to land a man on the moon. He gave the space program it's first push. His assassination was truely a sad day for America. He was a very loved and respected president and will truely be missed.

Diagnosis of the Patient

Diagnosis of the Patient The diagnosis of the patient in the case scenario is done based on the five different dimensions of the DSM-IV-TR (fourth edition, text revision).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Diagnosis of the Patient specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Available literature demonstrates that the five-part ‘axis’ system of the DSM-IV-TR is the mostly used criteria for diagnosing mental illnesses in the United States as it provides a more comprehensive assessment of a client’s level of functioning, based on the premise that mental illnesses often affect many different life areas (Warelow Holmes, 2011). The diagnosis of the patient is made as follows: Axis 1 This axis illustrates clinical syndromes that cause considerable impairment to the patient (Warelow Holmes, 2011). One of the most prevalent clinical syndromes demonstrated by the patient is 296.4 Bipolar 1 Disorder. The justification for diagnosing the pa tient as having this syndrome is based on the fact that the primary symptom presentation of Bipolar 1 Disorder is manic, characterized by a distinct period of an elevated mood, which often assumes the form of euphoria (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). It is indeed true that the patient meets the full criteria for a manic episode not only due to her abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, and irritable mood (extremely angry at her sons and the psychiatrist), but also due to the fact that she demonstrates these symptoms: Inflated self-esteem and grandiosity (asked the psychiatrist if she was attractive enough to capture a 25-year old man), Decreased need for sleep (patient felt refreshed after only 3 hours of sleep, More talkative than usual (patient was over talkative and repeatedly refused the psychiatrist to disrupt her with questions), and Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful ramifications (patient engaged in spen ding sprees, sexual indiscretions with a 25-year old man) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Gray, 2011; Yatham et al., 2009). It is important to note that the manic-like episode demonstrated by the patient is evidently not triggered by somatic antidepressant drugs or therapies since the patient was not on any medication. Additionally, the patient does not have a history of drug or alcohol abuse (Gray, 2011). Consequently, the manic-like episode demonstrated by the patient counts toward a valid diagnosis of Bipolar 1 Disorder. Axis 2 Available literature demonstrates that this axis assesses permanent problems that are often overlooked in the presence of Axis I disorders, such as mental retardation and personality disorders (Warelow Holmes, 2011). The patient cannot be diagnosed with mental retardation as she does not exhibit any cognitive impairment, not mentioning that she does not show marked deficits in other critical spheres of life, such as self-care and interpersonal s kills (Yatham et al, 2009). However, the patient can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, characterized by the presence of irritability and impulsivity. Indeed, it can be argued that her frequent mood disturbance is considerably severe to trigger a marked impairment in her social functioning, particularly in terms of her social relationships with others (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Axis 3 This extensive axis includes physical and medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, HIV/AIDS, physical injury and brain damage) that may manipulate or aggravate Axis 1 and Axis II disorders noted in the patient (Warelow Holmes, 2011). The patient has no physical or medical conditions that can be reported under Axis 3 criteria since she appears correctly oriented in all areas. Axis 4 Available literature demonstrates t hat any non-clinical, albeit medically significant, stressors that have the capacity to impact Axis 1 or Axis II disorders are included and evaluated in this axis (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The fact that the patient lost her husband six months ago is a psychosocial problem that could have triggered the frequent mood disturbance exhibited by the patient, leading to the clinical syndrome of Bipolar 1 Disorder. Axis 5 This axis, which is commonly referred to as the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) in DSM-IV-TR, basically serves as an indication of the evaluating psychiatrist’s opinion of the patient’s capability to function in daily life. Extant literature demonstrates that the GAF is calibrated on a 100 point scale, which evaluates the functioning of the patient on three important spheres of life – psychological, social and occupational (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The patient’s GAF is at 49 â€Å"current†, implying that the demonstrated symptoms lead to antisocial behavior and social dysfunction (Warelow Holmes, 2011). The allocated GAF score is reached at based on the following justifications. The patient is still functional occupationally as can be seen by her volunteer work in the local hospital. However, her normal psychological functioning is hampered by her inflated self-esteem, irritable mood, grandiosity, and anger. Her social functioning is also hampered by the presence of antisocial personality disorder as well as excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high probability for inflicting painful consequences (Yatham et al., 2009). These observations, in my view, demonstrate marked culpability in antisocial behavior and social dysfunction, necessitating a GAF score of 49 â€Å"current†. A GAF score of between 41 and 60 demonstrates that the relational unit has occasional times of satisfying and competent functioning together, but obviously the relationship is dysfunctional and the unproductive social, psychological or occupational relationships appear to prevail (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Diagnosis of the Patient specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Possible uses and Misuses of Diagnosis One of the most important uses of the diagnostic manual is that it leads to proper treatment. The symptoms presented by the patient can lead to a misdiagnosis if proper care is not taken to classify them and note their variations. Owing to the classification done in Axis 1, it is clear that the patient suffers from Bipolar I disorder due to the manic episodes. Such a diagnosis will ensure that the patient is given the correct treatment for the variant of Bipolar Disorder she is suffering from instead of generalizing the symptoms (Gray, 2011). The second use of the diagnostic manual in this case scenario is that it helps clinicians and psychi atrists define societal limits for acceptable behavior. The elevated behaviors exhibited by the patient, particularly the sexual indiscretions with a 25-year old man and unchecked spending habits, have been clearly labeled as socially unacceptable and valid symptoms of a clinical disorder (Yatham et al., 2009). Third, it can be argued that the diagnostic manual assists clinicians and psychiatrists to advance research, particularly in the broad area of mental illnesses and their comorbid conditions (Gray, 2011). For instance, the axial categorization done on the case scenario has demonstrated that there is a possibility for antisocial personality disorder occurring together with the primary condition of Bipolar I disorder. Extant literature demonstrates that such knowledge will lead to better treatment outcomes for patients suffering from psychiatric and mental disorders (Gray, 2011). Furthermore, it can be argued that the use of the diagnostic manual helps clinicians and psychiatris ts to communicate with each other and achieve validity in their diagnosis. For instance, it is possible for another psychiatrist evaluating the patient using the DSM-IV-TR to come up with the same diagnosis due to standardization of routines and processes. This is a plus for the medical profession as it does not only create standardized procedures and processes for handling medical problems, but also provides the capacity for the development of common language that can be used by professionals to discuss diagnoses (Gray, 2011).Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In disadvantages, it is evident that the bias of the assessing psychiatrist or clinician can lead to wrong diagnosis. There always exist the twin challenges of possible stigmatization and stereotyping of individuals with mental or psychiatric conditions. For instance, the society can view the patient in the case negatively for engaging in sexual activities with people young enough to be her children. Cultural beliefs and taboos also trigger the stigmatization and stereotyping of people with mental/psychiatric conditions (Gray, 2011). Lastly, the diagnostic manual has been criticized for lack of reliability, particularly in situations where symptoms for various medical conditions overlap (Gray, 2011). Treatment Option Most patients suffering from Bipolar 1 Disorder with demonstrated manic episodes are exposed to ‘mood stabilizers’, especially lithium and sodium valproate, to prevent relapses of further episodes. The anticonvulsants sodium valproate and valproate semisodi um are more effective than lithium and have marketing authorization in most Western countries for the treatment of manic episodes in the context of Bipolar I Disorder. The major ingredient which makes the anticonvulsants effective in the treatment of manic episodes is the valproate ion, but studies demonstrate that the element is associated with an enhanced risk of neural tube defects and fetus developmental problems during pregnancy (The British Psychological Society, 2006). However, it can be administered safely to the patient since she is in her post-menopausal age. Other interventions, including social support, family interventions, psychoeducation and cognitive behavior therapy, should also be used. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Gray, S.W. (2011). Competency-based assessments in mental health practice: Cases and practical app lications. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. The British Psychological Society. (2006). Bipolar disorder: The management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and adolescents, in primary and secondary care. London: Alden Press. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG38 Warelow, P., Holmes, C.A. (2011). Deconstructing the DSM-IV-TR: A critical perspective. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 20(6), 383-391. Yatham, L.N., Kauer-Sant’Anna, M., Bond, D.J., Lam., R.W., Torres, I. (2009). Course and outcome after the first manic episode in patients with Bipolar Disorder: Prospective 12-month data from the systematic treatment optimization program for early mania project. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(2), 105-112.

The Verbing of the English Language

The Verbing of the English Language The Verbing of the English Language The Verbing of the English Language By Mark Nichol One of the most inventive aspects of invention-friendly English is verbing, the denominalization of nouns into verbs. It’s nothing new verbs have been created from noun forms throughout the life span of Modern English and perhaps even before it evolved from Middle English; what’s been different during our lifetime, perhaps, is the rate at which it occurs. Denominalizations most of us have grown accustomed to because they’ve been around a while include pencil (â€Å"I’ll pencil you in for tomorrow at nine o’clock†), trend (â€Å"Stocks continue to trend downward†), and impact (â€Å"That’s going to significantly impact our plan†). If those usages aren’t annoying enough, you can make people cringe by using dialogue (â€Å"We’ll dialogue about this later†). Brand names even get denominalized, as was the case with Xerox and, more recently, Google. But verbing isn’t confined to the office. At home, mothers and fathers parent, and people host guests. Active folks ski and skate, while those out on the town get seated, sometimes only after they’re carded. The primary cause of the recent proliferation of verbing is technology: Before the average person had access to personal computers, programmers were accessing data online. When the Internet went mainstream, we began to bookmark our bookmarks. As many people began to favor text messaging, texting stood alongside phoning or calling. (By extension, overt flirting and text-based phone sex was dubbed sexting.) Social networking gave us the verb form â€Å"to friend† (and, inevitably, â€Å"to defriend†), as well as a new sense of â€Å"to like,† where liking is a deliberate action rather than simply a feeling. Denominalization is controversial and prompts much antipathy. But why? Some of the most basic words in English dress, dream, sleep, strike, talk are verbs identical in form to their parent nouns. The answer: English encourages neologisms, but many of its users are (often rightfully) averse to upstart words. Many of the denominalizations we take for granted may have struck listeners and readers as awkward and annoying when they first experienced them, but although many others no doubt fell by the wayside for that very reason, numerous ones have long since been granted status as standard English. There’s only so much you can do to champion denominalization or to choke it, but in the end, it’s a democratic process: If a neologism appeals to you, promote it by using it. If it appalls you, demote it by eschewing it. Not every grating verbification will last, and if one that particularly annoys you goes extinct, you can take partial credit because it has always been absent from your writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Difference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Mill's Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mill's Utilitarianism - Essay Example According to Daniel Bonevac, another implication of utilitarianism is universalism: people should mind the consequences of choices on everyone it affects. We should not consider ourselves, or simply our friends, or community members; we must consider everybody in the society. It is fortunate that most decisions made affect a portion of citizens; this will deny others the pleasure to enjoy the freedom they have. In as much as some pleasures were not intrinsically more valuable than others, nevertheless, utilitarianism would not be â€Å"a pig philosophy† – â€Å"you’d rather be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied†; the use and development of our higher facilities would be virtuous solely by virtue of their benefits to other people. Mill argues that â€Å"Pleasure vary in quality as and at the same time quantity.† Mill stresses that the principle of utility justifies the right actions (Bonevac, Daniel, and Phillips 177). It tries explainin g what makes them right. But the principle does not have to be conscious motive. Tarrant contends that Mill’s radical ideology on education, laudable in themselves are not unswerving with his utilitarianism since in differentiating between lower and higher pleasures, and in Mill’s argument that the higher pleasure are more desirable, he (Mill) is forced to appeal to non-utilitarian values. In the article, T. G. Miles attempts to criticize Tarrant’s argument against Mill. Mill’s defense of higher pleasure preference is undermined in two forms; firstly, because introduces a different value besides happiness, called dignity, and send, because Mill introduces the phrase ‘content,’ which according to Tarrant considers to be ‘a correlate of dignity and a function of the higher pleasure’ and construes as intended stand for â€Å"the sensation attended upon the satisfaction of the desire for higher pleasures’ (Pojman, Louis, and James, 320). Not only is Mill playing up and down between

PSYCHO-SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Essay

PSYCHO-SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY - Essay Example Culture and media---in many ways manipulate the ways of thinking of the society. Women grew up deeming that perilous sports are meant for male species, because that is exactly how they were made to believe. However, as society changed its stand on gender equality, women gracefully marched into the tennis courts and charmingly started to acquire gold medals and trophies. Brown, Katrina J., (2010, p.1), â€Å"Globally, the participation of women and girls in sport has increased tremendously. Much of this growth has been attributed to relatively recent changes in national and international law, yet few empirical studies exist that test this assertion. In this study, the role of law, specifically gender-based sports doctrine, is examined across four nations: the USA, Australia, Canada, and Iran. Results are mixed, suggesting women have increased their participation in elite sporting events despite national legal and bureaucratic variations regarding women in sport.† Then again, despite the contribution and desperate attempts of women to participate in sports which are as dangerous as racing, dirt biking, surfing---men continuously dominate this field. The vindication on this issue is simple: gender, until this day, has a great bearing on people’s decisions. In the face of numerous efforts to pull off various recognitions in different fields which are normally for men, women are still outnumbered by Adam’s sons when it comes to sports activities. On the other hand, getting into sports---especially for men---can almost be taken as a social requirement, that not being able to be good at it can also make a person feel like he is less fit or not outstanding. It may not be the intended connotation of promoting physical activities in schools, however, peer pressure, as well as other societal aspects impel more and more people to get into sports---at times---not because they are inclined to, but they feel that

Media and Academic Process Essay Example for Free

Media and Academic Process Essay The threat comes from Iraq. It arises directly from the Iraqi regimes own actions its history of aggression, and its drive toward an arsenal of terror (WHPR1, 2002). Months before on February 13, 2002 during a Press Conference with President Musharraf of Pakistan, Mr. Bush declared: And I think that statement was clear enough for Iraq to hear me. And I will reserve whatever options I have, Ill keep them close to my vest. President or Saddam Hussein needs to understand Im serious about defending our country (WHPR2, 2002). And During his speech at the Virginia Military Institute on April 17, 2002, Mr. Bush made these claims: And, finally, the civilized world faces a grave threat from weapons of mass destruction. A small number of outlaw regimes today possess and are developing chemical and biological and nuclear weapons. Theyre building missiles to deliver them, and at the same time cultivating ties to terrorist groups. In their threat to peace, in their mad ambitions, in their destructive potential and in the repression of their own people, these regimes constitute an axis of evil and the world must confront them (WHPR3, 2002). With all these statements made in the presence of media persons and the way it had been made that a major part of America and the world really believed that Saddam Hussein and the Iraq is the real threat to the civilized society. Despite the presence of law which prohibits the Bush administration from disseminating government propaganda at home. But in an age of global communications, there is nothing to stop it from planting a phony pro-war story overseas knowing with certainty that it will reach American citizens almost instantly. This is the power of media and especially electronic media. It has the capability to make any one believe in what it wants to convey. The beautiful newsreader on a TV channel giving us the news. After that the news analysis program is aired. The program brings a battery of analysts to our bedrooms, drawing rooms or shops. These serious looking intelligent faces sitting in front of camera with a list of burning issues are giving their view on the issues. Their facial expression and smartness over words, language and the contents can make anyone feel ill informed. This makes us glued to the television screen. And once the program gets finished we have an unusual feeling that now we have gained great information on issues about which we were quiet ignorant few minutes or hours before. A single program made some change in our self and our personal database of information. This is the actual effect of one of the most popular form of media called the electronic media. But the point of concern is not its power but its ability of influencing human especially child psyche. The actual issue which has been raised this time is the way it makes an impact on our world views. The authenticity of the content which is aired is now being discussed. The focus is shifting towards the way it influences religion, culture and social belief. After all the US govt., with all its efforts didn’t found a single weapon of mass destruction. The Saddam Hussein’s regime in Iraq was defeated by the combined US and UK army. But the main issue that led to the war was the weapons of mass destruction which Saddam Hussein regime was allegedly possessing, was nowhere present. This means what the US govt. and its allies were telling the whole world was actually a farce. It was nothing more than a propaganda war against a nation which was adamant to pursue those policies which were not influenced by US. Things mentioned above are some of the many effects caused through electronic media. Moving on to its actual definition, electronic media are those communications mediums which are based on electronic or electromechanical means of production and most often distinguished from print media. The primary electronic media sources familiar to the general public worldwide include — radio, sound recordings, television, video recording, and streaming internet content. And this electric communication technology goes further than any of the previous products of mans skill. Earlier technologies extended the power of mans limbs, and with the invention of writing, mans memory in a sense could be placed outside of himself. Present communication technologies supplant mans external senses, and more recently, the internal senses of imagination and the most important, the central or common sense, which brings the various data of the external senses together into a cohesive unity (McDonald). The world of information, however conceived, may appear to exist in its own right by means of electronics, and the human user becomes a mere participant in that world. Now if we look upon things that influence a child and how the media impacts those factors in its formative days. The child in its formative sees many things and in accordance with its understanding capability it takes decision. A healthy child hood is very necessary thing to provide sound academia knowledge not just beautified propaganda. The media which include television, radio, internet and newspaper are perhaps the biggest source of knowledge and information. And they are now very much a part of academic development of the child. As, there are many possible factors which affect the child and at the same time these factors come under continuous inferences through media; hence these factors have strongly associated and have become reason can be the Material wealth: It depicts the average financial state of area or the society which breeds crime. It quantifies the very material or average prosperity of the family and the society of which a person is a part of. Media’s depiction of strength, material wealth and prosperity makes a strong case in child’s mind and his purpose of study and academic excellence. Health: This factor under the influence of news and information obtained through media has its importance while quantifying security at the physical as well as mental health of the people. It decides the affluence and the penury that has been faced by the child. Social security and stability: The overall development and upbringing of a child is a multiple of this factor. The child is greatly affected with the type of society media presents and hence his academic performance gets an impact. Family life: The condition of a family on an average is an indication of family life of the child. The divorce rates are being given the status of indicator for quantifying this factor. The rising instances of single parenthood are another very important cause. The separation is a very traumatic experience of a child and can be a reason behind the creation of a situation of loneliness and the state of depression. Community and Social Life: This factor corresponds to the social behavior of the child and how much social his attitudes are. The negligibility in social life corresponds to lower interest of the child in community life thereby increasing another wave of insecurity at personal as well social level. Job Security: This factor is self explanatory and is being indicated through unemployment rate expressed in percentage. A secure job to a youth makes him more confident and ultimately he or she turns out to be a better prospect to the society. At the same time the insecurity in this factor causes frustration and causes the occurrence of diminishing patterns in above mentioned factors especially material well being. So now the fact is that the criminals and misguided youths are very much a off the track output of the same social upbringing that were meant for the development of moral standards right from the formative years. The development of this is very much due to the behavior pattern of the people that are around them. They are the people whom these children treat with respect and are the personalities they admire. A child’s behavior is very much a factor of the behavior characteristics of the personalities he or she often meets and admires and is presented through media. Electronic media have been found to present glamorized Robin Hoods with criminal personalities and unusual behavior of celebrities making headlines. The biggest example of this projection is the presence of Che Guevara as a fashion cult despite the fact that he was always against the US imperialist policies. So the concern is how the media is affecting the child and not just child but also the factors that are directly or indirectly related to the child’s development and academic performance. The news of slowdown in world economy and the rising of Asian economy giants like India and China and the job outsourcing makes the same guy more frightened. He feels threatened. And this perceived threat results in a physical reaction as much as actual physical injury. The same person in a large crowd sees perhaps twenty people around him, but a camera above the crowd reveals a crowd incomprehensible to human imagination. The widespread anxiety among people in the first world about there being too many people is an effect of them seeing thousands of faces on television, whereas someone may walk for hours on the streets of the suburbs without seeing a single person (McDonald). The reality is that the information beaming capability of the electronic media upsets normal community and family relations based on physical contact and proximity, leading to an ersatz community where people have the illusion of being angels. People in their relations are reduced to being pieces of disembodied information without context or substance. The level of sensation present in our lives affects our intellectual judgment. According to report, it has been found that there has been an explosion in recent years in electronic media marketed directly at the very youngest children in our society: A booming market of videotapes and DVDs aimed at infants one to 18 months, the launching of the first TV show specifically targeting children as young as 12 months, and a multi-million dollar industry selling computer games and even special keyboard toppers for children as young as nine months old. Their homes are packed with media options, including TVs, computers, DVD players and video game consoles. Nearly all children (99%) live in a home with a TV set, half (50%) have three or more TVs, and one-third (36%) have a TV in their bedroom. Nearly three out of four (73%) have a computer at home, and about half (49%) have a video game player. In some ways, new media is trumping old: nearly twice as many children in this age group live in a home with Internet access (63%) as with a newspaper subscription (34%). Nearly all of them (97%) have products—clothes, toys, and the like—based on characters from TV shows or movies (Rideout, 2003). But the point of concern is that this rapid changes in our media environment have not been accompanied by a similar growth in our knowledge of how new media may impact children’s cognitive, social, emotional or physical development. These issues are of deep concern not only to parents, but also to educators, health providers, policymakers and advocates. Many experts have argued that it is especially critical to understand media use by the youngest children, noting that because social and intellectual development are more malleable in these early years, media use at this age could have an especially significant impact. According to Valdemar W.  Setzer (1993), some children addicted to electronic games spoke too fast with limited sense, feeling or contents in their speech. This suggests that those children spoke with a speed compared to the use they make of their fingers when playing the games. There is a correlation between speaking and gesturing, which may be explained by the close proximity of the motor and speech neurological centers in the brain. The fact that children do not have the fully developed, active thinking and consciousness characteristic of adults means they dont have to make any effort to switch off these inner activities when playing electronic games and are not sidetracked by outside influences that can act as a buffer to overdevelopment of or addiction to an undesirable trait. Finally, we can say that though a child’s ability to gather information is enhanced by technology but at the same time we are placed under greater stress, and to maintain equilibrium we must find strategies to cope with it. One strategy is to withdraw from the flood of information and go for selected and conscious input. It is one of the ways but there is a need of finding more. References The White House Press Release, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007-8.html The White House Press Release, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020213-3.html The White House Press Release,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/04/20020417-1.html McDonald, H. Asceticism and the Electronic Media: Technophilia and Technophobia in the Perspective of Christian Philosophy, www.rcp.net.pe/IAL/vm/bec/etexts/macdoeng.htm, 3. Katsh, E. (1989).   The Electronic Media and the Transformation of Law, Oxford University Press. Rideout, V. J. Vandewater, E. A. Wartella, E. A. (2003). Zero to Six : Electronic Media in the Lives of Infants, Toddlers and Preschoolers., A Kaiser Family Foundation Report. Setzer, V. W. Duckett, G. E. (1993). The Risks to Children Using Electronic Games,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.ime.usp.br/~vwsetzer/video-g-risks.html

The Practice of Sex Selection :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Practice of Sex Selection Sex Selection is usually thought of as a procedure that occurs prior to conception, however, that is not always the case. Sex selection is a method that is used prior to and after conception. Focusing on after conception and birth, sex selection can take place by genetically testing, or by taking ultrasound images of the developing fetus, resulting in abortion due to an undesired gender. The practice of sex selection can also take place after birth of the child, â€Å"[†¦] when one or both parents kill their baby† (Dixon). Partial birth abortion, which was banned by the Senate, was a major practice used by many around the world. In this procedure the abortionist, whom is guided by the use of an ultrasound, grabs the baby’s legs with forceps pulling the baby into the birth canal, ever so carefully delivering the entire body except for the head. Following the partial birth, the abortionist jams a pair of scissors into the bay’s skull, slightly opening then to increase the size of the hole. The scissors are then removed and a suction catheter is inserted into the hole enabling the brain to be drained and skull to collapse. The dead baby is then removed from the mother’s birth canal. More highly utilized is deliberates induction of a miscarriage. This procedure is practiced everyday all over the world and only takes approximately fifteen minutes. The cervix of the women is dilated with rods allowing a tube to be inserted into the uterus. The fetus and placenta are then â€Å" vacuumed† out. The uterus is then scraped with an instrument known as a curette to make sure no products remain behind. Practicing sex selection prior to conception is viewed as a more natural and more of a safe way to conceive a child of a desired gender. â€Å"The trouble is that society as a whole is not capable of handling Sex Selection without terrible results† (Dixon). The most practiced pre-selection is the laboratory. Here urine specimens are used to monitor ovarian steroid changes during ovulation. â€Å"Although methods of selecting sex before conception are not entirely reliable [†¦]† (British Medical Journal), it is obviously the practical route to go. A response to either practice of sex selection merely depends on the factor of cost and ease of access.

Has the improvement in high street retail logistics made us all more loyal customers??

Introduction To most businesses, the main objective is to make profit for the shareholders and satisfy the needs and interests of all the other stakeholders in the business. However, profit making is gradually getting more difficult as the liberalisation of markets has led to massive competition in most industries (Kumar et al., 2013). Consequently, companies have had to evolve in order to remain competitive and achieve their goals and objectives both in the short-term and in the long-term. One of the means commonly used by companies to ensure sustainable profitability is through capturing the loyalty of customers. The more loyal the customers are, the more businesses get recurring income and reduce the costs of doing business (Pepe et al., 2011). The retail stores in High St have been in the process of improving its services to their clients and the general public. This is with the aim of improving the levels of customer loyalty and thus increasing sales (Alessandra, 2007). This paper explores t he logistical improvements that have been made by high street retail companies to make their service to customers more effective. It seeks to establish if those improvements have related to customer loyalty to the company and to the brand. This will be achieved through the critical analysis of the supply chain and the detailed evaluation of the systems employed in relation to the benefits gained by High Street Logistics in its business. Findings and Analysis on High Street Retail Logistics Agrawal and Smith (2009) define retail logistics as the flow of goods from the suppliers to the stores and then to consumers. There is a specific logistical model through which this flow is managed to ensure efficiency and cost effectiveness in the process of doing business. The level of competition in high street retail is very high and all companies need to have a competitive advantage in order to be able to survive and thrive in the industry (Bruce & Daly, 2011). As such, there is need for companies to evolve and adapt to the latest trends so as to continue being profitable. Customer loyalty is critical in the performance of retail stores globally. The cost of retaining customers is far much cheaper than that of acquiring new customers thus reducing the cost of doing business for an organisation (Chan & Ip, 2011). The other advantage that is derived from customer loyalty is that the loyal customers will help in the marketing process of the brand name (Alessandra, 2007). Statistics from McKinsey.com (2013) indicate that more people tend to use brands, products or services that have been recommended by people that they know. Thus, such references can only be made by customers who are loyal to the company or brand. To make the customers loyal, retail stores have come up with incentives to entice their clients to continue shopping with them (Lawfer, 2004). Such incentives have involved logistical changes which have improved over the years and part of such an improvement is multichannel retailing. This section intends to address some of these logistical improvements that have been made by high street retail stores. Multichannel Retailing Within the last decade, there has been a shift of retail logistics principles from the traditional modules to the multichannel retailing (Waters, 2010). This evolution has been facilitated and necessitated by technological advancement, the rise and expansion of the internet, and change in purchasing habits. Convenience for the customers has been the primary focus in the evolution of the logistical processes where the needs and wants of the clients are met through all means possible (El-Manstrly et al., 2011). The level of logistical improvements by companies is dependent on how forward thinking the companies are. The future oriented companies have put in place measures in its logistical process to ensure that needs of their techno savvy clients are met in the best way possible (Agrawal & Smith, 2009). As a major improvement in the retail logistics in high street retailing, multichannel retailing is termed to be customer centric and transformative to the manner in which the both custo mers and the retailers relate (Miller, 2012). The process starts with research of the tastes and preferences of the consumers even before the products are stoked. The emerging trends of the market are also monitored and scientific analysis conducted to ensure that the company is able to predict the needs of the customer (Poloian, 2009). The anticipation of what the customers need has been able to help in satisfying the needs of the customers better and more effectively thus creating a perfect relationship between the company and the customers. This in turn fosters customer loyalty to the highest levels (El-Manstrly et al., 2011). Multichannel retailing involves the use of multiple channels to facilitate trade and other transactions, which include after sale service to existing and potential clients, browsing for the desired goods and services, purchase of the goods and services, returning of faulty goods and post sale services to the clients (Poloian, 2009). Based on the channels that a company uses to make sales, the logistics of the retail company are customised to suit the clientele and the goals/objectives of the company. For instance, Argos only used to sell to their clients through their retail stores. However, there was need to develop an online presence in order to be as competitive as companies such as Wal-Mart (Miller, 2012). As a result, the company started an online store which has turned out to be very effective and profitable. Customers prefer the online store as they can window shop without much hustle and get better prices for the goods and services that they need (Pearson, 2012; Grewal et al. , 2011). The online stores also created a need for delivery systems to be part of the logistics package. The goods that have been purchased by the clients are delivered to their door steps for their convenience. Multichannel retailing has contributed towards increasing customer loyalty because regardless of what could be termed as an inconvenience to make a purchase via one channel, there is always an alternative. As such, customer needs are catered for in a better manner, which also increases loyalty (Bruce & Daly, 2011). Even though researchers have established that multichannel retailing is highly beneficial for customers, the fact that customers are always looking for better deals – especially when shopping online – makes it challenging for a single business or brand to maintain certain loyal customers. This is especially when other brands are also trying to attract the same customers (Pearson, 2012). Data Mining Data mining has been one of the most conspicuous forms of improvement in the retail logistics that has been experienced in high street retailing. It is conducted by companies by reviewing the shopping trends of their clients and enables them to make predictions on the types of products or service that will be needed by their clients (Kantardzic, 2011). For instance, a company can check on its online stores which goods have been purchased most and by what category of their customers for instance, the products could have been purchased by female customers with young children and from a specific region of the country or part of the city (Linoff & Berry, 2011). By possessing this data, the store can be able to stock the product for an anticipated need or to maximize on the profitability of the product. The same case applies to seasonal products which need strategic stocking for limited resources not to be wasted (Phan & Vogel, 2010). Clipper, the leading retail and high value logistics company in the United Kingdom investigated the changes taking place in the retail logistic that are taking place in high street retailers presently and that are anticipated in the near future (Clipper Logistics, 2013). The company notes that in today’s ever changing world, high street retailers cannot afford to lack creativity and innovativeness the way that they do business (Clipper Logistics, 2013). Thus, it is necessary for companies to formulate strategies that will give them a competitive edge over their competitors. In some cases, however, companies have been sued for mining client data through unauthorised means (Kantardzic, 2011). Whereas data mining is intended to provide more customized customer services that will increase customer loyalty, such incidents are detrimental to the achievement of this objective. For companies that use the appropriate means to mine data and provide services tailored to meet the needs of clients, there is a definite potential of increased customer loyalty (Linoff & Berry, 2011). Other Logistical Improvements Many retail logistics companies offer a full redesign of a company’s logistics system, which includes fully automated or semi-automated warehousing systems which run most the retail channels for their clients (Agrawal & Smith, 2009). The other service that is offered is inventory management for the purposes of improving the shelf availability of the products and services. Distribution to clients and dealing with suppliers is another role that has been taken over by retail logistics companies as service providers (Poloian, 2009). Most of the high street retailers have outsourced these services while others have decided to have an in-built system but seek the consultancy services of retail logistics companies. No matter the approach taken, the main aim is to improve on service delivery, reducing the costs of doing business and ensuring that the customers’ needs are met (Bruce & Daly, 2011). Many high street retailers also have follow-up surveys to ensure that the quality of customer service is up to the required standards. With the current level of internet accessibility among consumers, if feedback is not collected from the clients directly, it is received on social media platforms where most clients air there grievance (McKinsey.com, 2013). To avoid such situations, logistics of retail high street retailers have undergone several improvements to ensure prompt and adequate communication with customers (Phan & Vogel, 2010;Grewal et al., 2011). All these improvements that have been made by companies have been done with the aim of increasing customer satisfaction as well as improving their competitive edges (McKinsey.com, 2013). This has also led to an increase in customer loyalty for high-street retailers. Conclusion All businesses have to evolve at one point or another in order to remain relevant in the business world. High street is no different from other competitive markets for retail business and most companies have come up with ways and means to ensure that their retail logistics are up to the latest standards and that all the customers are satisfied. Improvements in the logistical processes, such as the delivery of goods, e-commerce through mobile applications and online store and the innovation in new channels for retail, have played a great role in customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction in turn translates into more sales for the company and most importantly it translates to customer loyalty. The level of customer loyalty has been enhanced through the new services that have been brought about by the improvement in the logistics of these companies. However, the fact that some logistical developments require a lot of customer information has raised some scepticism among several custom ers. Based on technological advancement, the level of competition in the market and the changing consumer needs, more changes and improvements are still expected. Recommendations Although much has been done in the retail logistics sectors, there is still more to be done through technological advancement. Application of artificial intelligence to the logistical process is recommended for the retail stores to serve the purposes of automating processes and making predictions of future consumer trends with higher accuracy (Bodhani, 2012). The use of artificial intelligence will not only raise the integrity of the companies and the transactions in which they are involved, but will also aid in fully satisfying the needs of the customers even without the mentioning of the needs by the clients (Phan & Vogel, 2010). Such high quality services will lead to customer loyalty and thus profitability of the high street retail stores. One of the limitations of this recommendation, however, is the fact that it needs a lot of financial capital to implement. References Agrawal, N. M., & Smith, S. A. (2009). Retail supply chain management quantitative models and empirical studies. New York: Springer. Alessandra, A. J. (2007). Stairs of customer loyalty. New Jersey: Electronic & Database Publishers. Bodhani, A. (2012). Shops offer the e-tail experience. Engineering & Technology, 7 (5), 46-49. Bruce, M., & Daly, L. (2011). Adding value: challenges for UK apparel supply chain management–a review. Production Planning & Control, 22 (3), 210-220. Chan, S. L., & Ip, W. H. (2011). A dynamic decision support system to predict the value of customer for new product development. Decision Support Systems, 52 (1), 178-188. Clipper Logistics. (2013). Evolution vs Revolution. ‘Death of the High StreetRetrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.clippergroup.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Future-Forum-Conference-Brochure.indd-2.pdf El-Manstrly, D., Paton, R., Veloutsou, C., & Moutinho, L. (2011). An empirical investigation of the relative effect of trust and switching costs on service loyalty in the UK retail banking industry. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16 (2), 101-110. Grewal, D., Hall, K., & Robertson, J. R. (2011). Innovations in retail pricing and promotions. Journal of Retailing, 87, 543-552. Kantardzic, M. (2011). Data mining: concepts, models, methods, and algorithms. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Kumar, V., Sharma, A., Shah, R., & Rajan, B. (2013). Establishing profitable customer loyalty for multinational companies in the emerging economies: a conceptual framework. Journal of International Marketing, 21 (1), 57-80. Lawfer, M. R. (2004). Why customers come back how to create lasting customer loyalty. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. Linoff, G. S., & Berry, M. J. (2011). Data mining techniques: for marketing, sales, and customer relationship management. London: John Wiley & Sons. McKinsey.com. (2013). Reorganizing to build customer loyalty. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.mckinsey.com/client_service/organization/case_studies/improving_on_success Miller, J. (2012). Preparing the High Street for online shopping. Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 6 (2), 122-130. Pearson, B. (2012). The loyalty leap: turning customer information into customer intimacy. New York: Penguin Publishers. Pepe, M. S., Abratt, R., & Dion, P. (2011). The impact of private label brands on customer loyalty and product category profitability. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20 (1), 27-36. Phan, D. D., & Vogel, D. R. (2010). A model of customer relationship management and business intelligence systems for catalogue and online retailers. Information & Management, 47 (2), 69-77. Poloian, L. G. (2009). Multichannel retailing. New York: Fairchild Books. Waters, C. D. (2010). Global logistics new directions in supply chain management. London: Kogan Page.

Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare

Biographical information about the author: William Shakespeare, born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, was an English poet and playwright. Shakespeare was believed to have been educated at the King’s New School in Stratford about a quarter-mile from his home. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway. The ceremony may have been arranged in some haste because six months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter named Susanna.About two years later they had twins, a boy and a girl, and the boy died of unknown causes at the age of 11. It is not known when Shakespeare started writing but several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592. Shakespeare divided his time between London and Stratford during this time of his career. In 1599 he moved to Southwark while his company constructed the Global Theatre there. After 1610, Shakespeare wrote very few okays before his death on April 23, 1616. Historical information about the period of publicat ion:Queen Elizabeth was in rein during this time period from 1559-1603. She was very fond of Shakespeare and loved his works. The inspiration of the play Twelfth Night was more than likely influenced by the queen wanting a play related to the holiday season. Twelfth Night is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 12th day after Christmas. On this day the roles in society are flipped. Kings and queens dress up as peasants and men and women dress up as each other. At the beginning of the Twelfth Night festival a cake that contains a bean is eaten. The person who finds the bean would be the ruler of the feast. Midnight marks the end of their rule and everything goes back to normal. Characteristics of the genre:A Shakespearean Comedy normally has a happy ending that involves marriages between the unmarried characters. There tends to be a greater emphasis on  situations than characters; there is almost always a clever servant; multiple, intertwining plots; and the main issue in Tw elfth Night, deception among characters. Plot Summary:After a huge storm at sea, a young woman named Viola finds herself washed up on a shore with the ship’s captain. Here she grieves the loss of her twin brother Sebastian who she believes died in the storm. The Captain informs her that they are in Illyria and he helps Viola disguise herself so that she may go to a man named Duke Orsino and become his servant. During this 3 month period Viola, now known as Cesario, has to persuade Lady Olivia, the woman Duke Orsino is in love with, to marry him or at least take some interest. Olivia is also grieving her brother’s death and does not want to see any man that Orsino sends to her.However, she takes a liking to Cesario and falls in love with him. Unfortunately, Cesario (Viola) is now in love with Orsino, who loves Olivia, who loves Cesario. A crazy love triangle. Meanwhile, we meet other people in Olivia’s court such as her uncle Sir Toby Belch; the maid Maria; Tobyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s friend Sir Andrew Aguecheek who is trying to court Olivia; Feste, Olivia’s fool; and Malvolio, the arrogant and self-centered steward of Olivia’s household. Since Malvolio likes to ruin the other’s fun, Maria forges a letter, supposedly from Olivia, to make Malvolio think Olivia is in love with him.Malvolio finds this letter, thinking it is for him, and, wanting to marry Olivia, follows its commands of dressing in yellow stocking, cross-gartering, to smile constantly, and to not explain his actions to no one. Once Olivia sees him behaving so strangely she thinks that he has gone mad. Meanwhile, Sebastian, who we find to still be alive but believes his sister Viola to be dead, arrives in Illyria along with his friend Antonio. Antonio has been taking care for Sebastian since the shipwreck and is passionately (and some think sexually) attached to Sebastian; so much so that he follows him to Orsino’s court, in spite of the fact that he and Orsino are old enemies.Once Sir Andrew sees that Olivia has taken a liking to Cesario he challenges Cesario to a duel. Sir Toby loves to see Sir Andrew make a fool of himself so he encourages Sir Andrew to continue. However, when Sebastian-who looks just like his disguised sister Viola-, appears he ends up fighting Sir Andrew and Sir Toby because they think he is Cesario. Olivia shows up seeing what is going on  and asks Sebastian, who she thinks is Cesario, to marry her. Sebastian is very confused because he has never seen her before but he says that he will go with her to be married because of her wealth and beauty.Meanwhile, Antonia has been arrested and begs Cesario to help him because he thinks Cesario is Sebastian. Viola says she does not know who Antonio is and Antonio is taken away while he says that Sebastian has betrayed him. We soon learn that Malvolio has been locked away in a small dark room and although the group has tormented him throughout his time in there, Sir Toby allows Malvolio to send a letter to Olivia asking to be released. Orsino now decides to go visit Olivia and he brings Viola (still disguised as Cesario) and other men in his court. Olivia states that Cesario is her new husband when in reality it is her brother Sebastian.Orsino is furious but then Sebastian appears and everyone is awestruck. Viola and Sebastian are reunited and Orsino can officially express his love for Viola now that he knows she is a woman. We also figure out that Sir Toby and Maria have been married. Finally, Malvolio shows up and the trick that took place on him is revealed. Malvolio storms off saying he will seek revenge and he leaves everyone else happy and joyful.Describe the author’s style: Shakespeare’s first plays were written in the same style as those who were also writing at that period of time. However, he soon began to use the traditional styles in his own unique way. Most say that Twelfth Night is one a Shakespeare’s most poetical and mu sical plays. This basically means that Shakespeare decided to make some of the major characters sound more like amazing poets than average people. In this case he is using them to make fun of the shallowness of love poetry. An example that demonstrates the style:â€Å" Away before me to sweet beds of flowers: Love-thoughts lie rich when canopied with bowers.† (1.1.4) Memorable Quotations Quotation Significance â€Å"And all is semblative a woman’s part.† Orsino is telling Cesario (Viola) to woo Lady Olivia and he tells him that he is much like a woman and therefore will be more appealing than if he went himself. â€Å"Oh Time, thou must untangle this, not I. It is too hard a knot for me t’ untie!† Viola realizes the love triangle she has gotten herself into and says that only time can fix it. â€Å"I hate ingratitude more in a man Than lying, vainness, babbling, drunkenness, Or any taint of voice whose strong corruption Inhabits our frail blood.â €  Cesario is defending himself against Antonio who is charging Cesario of ingratitude. â€Å"What relish is in this? How runs the stream†¦If if be thus to dream, still let me sleep!† Sebastian is very confused but yet happy about Olivia wanting to marry him. He has never seen her before but she is in love with him. â€Å"Thus the whirligig of time brings in his revenges†Setting Significance of the opening scene Twelfth Night takes place in an imaginary place called Illyria. Illyria also happens to correspond to a place on the Adriatic coast which most Elizabethans knew nothing about and most people from London have never been there. This makes it the perfect location for the mysteries of this play.Viola decided to make a new life in this unfamiliar Dukedom. The same thing that draws her to Illyria, Shakespeare uses that to draw the audience in; the mystery, romance, and dreaminess of far-off places. One strange setting would be when the audience sees the out o f control crew at Olivia’s home and also her weird behavior. Another setting that seemed to be over the top would be Duke Orsino at his home listening to his live band while lying of the couch daydreaming about being in love. In the opening scene the audience meets Duke Orsino and we see that the woman he loves, Lady Olivia, is grieving over the death of her brother therefore she has decided not to get married for another seven years.Orsino, being obsessed with Olivia, wants to just lie around on beds of flowers, listening to music and dreaming of Olivia. This shows the audience of the persistence Orsino has and although he seems to be deeply in love with Olivia he will quickly change his mind. Meanwhile, on the Illyrian sea coast Viola and her twin brother Sebastian are in a shipwreck. Viola was found and rescued but she doesn’t know where her brother is. Although the captain tells Viola that Sebastian may still be alive she does not believe it to be so. In the meanti me, however, she needs to find a way to support herself in Illyria. This leads her to Orsino’s court and thus the beginning of what will soon be a crazy love triangle. SymbolsSignificance of the ending/closing scene A pearl- A token of love; romantic attachmentDarkness of Malvolio’s Prison- insanity; madnessChanges of Clothing- class distinction; power, change in gender During the closing scene everyone finds out that Cesario is really Viola (a female) and that Sebastian is the â€Å"real man† of the family. Olivia finds out that she was in love with a woman but ended up marrying her twin brother on accident. Of course she doesn’t mind because she is happy regardless. Duke Orsino is glad because he can now express the feelings he has been having for Cesario because he is now Viola. Most of Shakespeare’s comedies end in a â€Å"happily ever after† way so he had to find some kind of what to bring happiness to the end of this play. The happines s lies in the marriage of Olivia and  Sebastian, the secret marriage of Sir Toby and Maria, and the marriage of Duke Orsino and Viola. Possible ThemesLove out of Suffering- Despite the happy ending, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain Uncertainty of Gender- Viola disguising herself as a man; Olivia ends up being in love with a woman, even if she thinks Viola is a man; Orsino comments on Cesario’s beauty, which suggests that he is attracted to Viola even though she is still in disguise.

Sample Appeal Letterâ€Academic Dismissal from College

Sample Appeal Letter- Academic Dismissal from College If youve been dismissed from college for poor academic performance, your college will most likely give you an opportunity to appeal that  decision. The best approach is to appeal in person, but if the school doesnt allow face-to-face appeals or if the travel costs are prohibitive, you should plan to write the best appeal letter possible. (In some cases, you might be asked to do both- the appeals committee will ask for a letter in advance of the in-person meeting.) Qualities of a Successful Appeal Letter Demonstrates an understanding of what went wrongTakes responsibility for academic failuresOutlines a clear plan for future academic successConveys points in an honest tone In the sample letter below, Emma was dismissed after she ran into academic trouble because of difficulties at home. She uses her letter to explain the extenuating circumstances that caused her to perform below her potential. After reading the letter, be sure to read the discussion of the letter so that you understand what Emma does well in her appeal and what could use a little more work.   Emmas Appeal Letter ThoughtCo. Dear Dean Smith and Members of the Scholastic Standards Committee: I am writing to appeal my academic dismissal from Ivy University. I was not surprised, but very upset to receive a letter earlier this week informing me of my dismissal. Im writing with the hope that you will  reinstate me for next semester. Thank you for allowing me the opportunity to explain my circumstances. I admit I had a very difficult time last semester, and my grades suffered as a result. I dont mean to make excuses for my poor academic performance, but I would like to explain the circumstances. I knew that registering for 18 credit hours in the spring would require a lot of me, but I needed to earn the hours so that I was on track to graduate on time. I thought I could handle the workload, and I still think I could have, except that my father became very ill in February. While he was home sick and unable to work, I had to drive home every weekend and some weeknights to help out with household duties and to care for my little sister. Needless to say, the hour-long drive each way cut into my study time, as did the chores I had to do at home. Even when I was at school, I was very distracted with the home situation and was unable to focus on my schoolwork. I understand now that I should have communicated with my professors (instead of avoiding them), or even taken a leave of absence. I thought I could handle all of these burdens, and I tried my best, but I was wrong. I love Ivy University, and it would mean so much to me to graduate with a degree from this school, which would make me the first person in my family to complete a college degree. If I am reinstated, I will focus much better on my schoolwork, take fewer hours, and manage my time more wisely. Fortunately, my father is recovering and has returned to work, so I should not need to travel home nearly as often. Also, I have met with my advisor, and I will follow her advice about communicating better with my professors from now on. Please understand that my low GPA that led to my dismissal does not indicate that I am a bad student. Really, Im a good student who had one very, very bad semester. I hope you will give me a second chance. Thank you for considering this appeal. Sincerely, Emma Undergrad A quick word of warning before we discuss the details of Emmas letter: Do not copy this letter or parts of this letter in your own appeal! Many students have made this mistake, and academic standards committees are familiar with this letter and recognize its language. Nothing will torpedo your appeal efforts faster than a plagiarized appeal letter. The letter needs to be your own. Critique of Sample Appeal Letter Any student who has been dismissed from college has an uphill battle to fight. The college has indicated that it lacks confidence in your ability to succeed academically, so the appeal letter must re-instill that confidence.   A successful appeal must demonstrate that you understand what went wrong, take responsibility for the academic failures, outline a clear plan for future academic success, and demonstrate that you are being honest with yourself and the committee. Many students who appeal an academic dismissal make the mistake of attempting to place the blame for their problems on someone else. Certainly external factors can contribute to academic failure, and it is fair to describe extenuating circumstances. However, it is important to own up to your own mistakes. In fact, acknowledging mistakes is a major sign of maturity. Remember that the appeals committee does not expect college students to be perfect; instead, they want to see that you recognize your mistakes and have learned from them. Emmas appeal succeeds fairly well in all of the above areas. First of all, she does not try to blame anyone but herself. She has extenuating circumstances- her fathers illness- and she is wise to explain them, but she doesnt make excuses. Instead, she acknowledges that she did not handle her situation well. She owns up to the fact that she should have been in contact with her professors when she was struggling, and ultimately should have withdrawn from classes and taken  a leave of absence  when her fathers illness started to dominate her life. The overall tone of Emmas letter is sincere. The committee now knows  why  Emma had such bad grades, and the reasons seem both plausible and pardonable. Assuming she did earn solid grades in her earlier semesters, the committee is likely to believe Emmas claim that she is a good student who had one very, very bad semester. Emma also presents a plan for her future success. The committee will be pleased to hear that she is communicating with her advisor. In fact, Emma would be wise to have her advisor write a letter of support to go with her appeal. A few elements of Emmas future plan could use a little more detail. She says that she will focus much better on [her] schoolwork and manage [her] time more wisely. The committee is likely to want to hear more on these points. If another family crisis arises, what will Emma do to ensure that she is able to stay focused on schoolwork? What is her time management plan? She wont become a better time manager simply be saying she will do so. How exactly is she going to learn and develop more effective time management strategies? Are there services at her school to help with her time management strategies? If so, she should mention those services and describe how she will utilize them. On the whole, Emma comes across as a student who deserves a second chance. Her letter is polite and respectful, and she is honest with the committee about what went wrong. A severe appeals committee may reject the appeal because of the mistakes Emma made, but many colleges would be willing to give her a second chance. More on Academic Dismissals Emmas letter provides a good example of a strong appeal letter, and these six tips for appealing an academic dismissal can help guide you as you craft your own letter. Also, there are many less sympathetic reasons for being kicked out of college than we see in Emmas situation. Jasons appeal letter takes on a more difficult task, for he was dismissed because alcohol took over his life and led to academic failure. Finally, if you want to see some common mistakes students make when appealing, check out Bretts weak appeal letter.

A Study On Barbie Global Market Marketing Essay

A Study On Barbie Global Market Marketing Essay International marketing is the performance of a company’s product and services to consumers in more than one nation to produce profit. It is one of the most vital elements of marketing functions to trade their company’s products or services internationally rather than locally. This brings more advantages and benefits the organization itself as well as the country. However, trying to trade internationally influences by many factors and cause difficulties. And it is the task of these companies to study these factors prior in order to initiate business or trade with other countries effectively. These factors include the culture, economic and political factors. This essay’s discussion base on the case study, â€Å"Barbie: The American Girl Goes Global.† â€Å"Barbie is worldwide brand name invented by Ruth Handler defining as a small scale anatomically improbable modelled plastic figure of a human being especially a child’s plaything and collectable dolls.† It is the brand name for Mattel Inc., the organization for producing these toys and dolls. Barbie effectively starts its operation and selling out of its products at the American Toy Fair in New York City in 1959. Since then, Barbie become popular and operate effectively due to its increasing sales and revenues thus earning high profit compare to other American toy markets. Therefore, Mattel Inc expands its marketing situation and trade internationally where Barbie is currently selling out in more than 150 countries. These include European countries, Middle East, India and Japan. Therefore, this writing will discuss how Mattel Inc. deals with different culture issues, economic environment and political factors in these different countries in trying to market its products, the American Barbie doll. Throughout the given case study, it was basically talk about how different culture affects Mattel in trying to sell Barbie in the above mentioned countries. â€Å"Culture i s the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour† (Keegan & Green 2003). Each country has its own culture values and different from one another. And because Barbie trade worldwide, Mattel tend to carefully study the culture environment in those countries and analyze culture issues arise. The cultural issues of these countries affected the selling of Barbie can be reflected from different things. These include the language use, the religion involves, the social behaviour and the traditional dress code of each country. However, some economic issues and political factors appear to influence its international trading. Barbie is a worldwide brand and they first entered the US market for selling their products because it was the place of founder. Since then, Ruth Handler realizes the importance of children then decides to produce Barbie to motivate her daughter’s dream of her future. These products were three dimensional adult fe male dolls using by children to play with and it was popular in America because they initiate with high amount of sales of total 351,000 dolls at $3 each for the first year on the market. This occurs because Mattel identify its target market such as the group of children up of 1 to 11 years old and they fully satisfy their needs for toys made of plastic and long lasting rather than the first available dolls were made of paper and cardboard.

Securing Critical Infrastructures and Cyber Systems Assignment

Securing Critical Infrastructures and Cyber Systems - Assignment Example rrespondence to securing our cyberspace will eventually affect how safe and secure we are as a country and the benefits our country will reap from this digital era. Infrastructure control systems face risks because of system vulnerabilities, cyber threats and grave probable effect of attacks as displayed by reported incidents. Cyber threats can be targeted or untargeted, intentional or not and come from numerous places. Control systems are nowadays more vulnerable to cyber-attacks because of numerous reasons, counting the increased connectivity of systems through the internet. From evidences of past control attacks, it is clear that effect on critical infrastructure is vast. In 2003 for instance, a computer virus shut down the train signaling system all through the East Coast. In 2006, a foreign hacker planted malicious software that had the ability of affecting a water treatment plant’s operations. Infrastructure owners face organizational and technical challenges to securing control systems. Technical challenges include restricted processing abilities, design constraints and real-time operations all of which deter the owner’s ability to implement information technology security processes. Organizational defies which include difficulty in coming up with convincing business case for capitalizing in security and contradictory priorities of information security personnel and engineers. Numerous private sector acts such as standard setting associations and trade associations are putting up efforts to aid in securing control systems. The efforts put forth by the private sector entities include, providing guidance to members, developing standards and hosting workshops on security of control systems. For instance, the electricity industry recently advanced standards for the cyber security of their control systems and a trade association (gas) is in the process of developing gu idance to members to use encryption as a security measure to protect control